At its core, glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve which is the structure responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. In most cases, this damage is linked to increased pressure inside the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP).

How Eye Pressure Builds Up

The eye constantly produces a clear fluid called aqueous humour, which nourishes the eye and helps maintain its shape. This fluid normally drains away through a microscopic drainage system at the front of the eye. Glaucoma develops when this drainage system becomes inefficient or blocked, causing fluid to build up and pressure to rise.

There are several main types of glaucoma, each with different underlying mechanisms:

Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common form. The drainage angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork, a 360 degree, sponge structure, does not function effectively, leading to a slow rise in eye pressure over time.

Angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the drainage angle becomes physically blocked, sometimes suddenly, resulting in a rapid increase in pressure that requires urgent treatment.

Normal-tension glaucoma can develop even when eye pressure is within the normal range, likely due to reduced blood flow or increased vulnerability of the optic nerve.

Risk Factors for Glaucoma

While raised eye pressure is the most significant risk factor, glaucoma does not have a single cause. Several factors can increase an individual’s risk, including:

• A family history of glaucoma
• Increasing age, particularly over 60
• Certain ethnic backgrounds
• Short- or long-sightedness
• Previous eye injury or surgery
• Long-term use of steroid medications

Because symptoms often appear late, regular eye examinations are essential, especially for those at higher risk.

Treating Glaucoma Effectively

Although glaucoma damage cannot be reversed, modern treatments are highly effective at slowing or stopping progression when diagnosed early. Treatment focuses on lowering eye pressure to protect the optic nerve. At Vision Care Clinic, we offer a full range of advanced glaucoma treatments, tailored to each patient’s needs.

Options include medicated eye drops, laser treatment to improve fluid drainage, and advanced surgical procedures for more complex cases. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS), such as the Hydrus Microstent and Preserflo MicroShunt, are increasingly used to safely reduce eye pressure with faster recovery times. In more advanced or resistant glaucoma, traditional surgery such as trabeculectomy remains a highly effective option.

The Importance of Early Detection of Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a lifelong condition, but with early diagnosis and personalised treatment, most patients maintain good vision throughout their lives. If you have risk factors or concerns about your eye health, a comprehensive glaucoma assessment is the best way to protect your sight.

Mr Demitri Manasses, Consultant Glaucoma Surgeon

Our glaucoma services are led by Mr Demitri Manasses, Consultant Glaucoma Surgeon, who brings extensive expertise in both advanced and complex glaucoma management. Working closely with our clinical team, Mr Manasses ensures that each patient receives personalised, evidence-based care using the latest surgical techniques.

Contact Vision Care Clinic today to book your comprehensive consultation and take the first step towards safeguarding your sight from glaucoma.